ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Amblyopia is a condition with reduced best corrected visual acuity in absence of any ocular pathology. Different treatment approaches of amblyopia have been researched for decades. Recent studies on binocular dichoptic therapy using different software and video game based training showed drastic improvement in visual functions in amblyopic adults. Aim of this review is to assess the effect of vision therapy with dichoptic training in adults with anisometropic amblyopes. Method: Review was conducted in articles published within last 25 years from databases like PubMed, research gate, google scholar. Results: Dichoptic therapy has promising results in treatment of adults with anisometropic amblyopia. However, several limitations of these said researches were observed. Conclusion: Further studies particularly RCTs with strict methodology and treatment protocol, larger sample size and longer follow ups are recommended before clinicians could impart dichoptic therapy as a management option of adults with amblyopia into their evidence based practice.
ABSTRACT
@#The aim of the present study was to evaluate visual functions and retinal morphology of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (PCV) patients seen in an AMD referral centre of Malaysia and to further explore association between visual functions and optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters in PCV eyes. In this single centre, cross sectional study, best corrected distance visual acuity (DVA), near vision acuity (NVA), reading speed (RS), and contrast sensitivity (CS) were measured in naïve PCV eyes. Selective parameters such as integrity of external limiting membrane (ELM), inner segment and outer segment junction (IS-OS), retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch’s membrane (RPE-BM) complex, average retinal thickness (ART) and volume (ARV), central retinal thickness (CT), centre maximum (CTmax) and centre minimum (CTmin) thickness were assessed using spectral-domain OCT. Forty-three new PCV eyes of 42 patients were evaluated. Mean (±SD) DVA, NVA, CS, RS were 0.83 ± 0.35 logMAR, 0.77 ± 0.3 logMAR, 0.69 ±.26 log CS and 59.56 ±14 words per minutes respectively. ART and CT showed good correlation with DVA (r=0.571& 0.546) and CS (r= 0.576 & 0.586). ARV and CTmax showed good correlation with CS (r=0.516 &, 0.513). The mean DVA, NVA and CS between three ELM and IS-OS status were significantly different (p=.002 & .000; p=.012 & .029; p=.005 & .001). In conclusion, present study reports visual functions and OCT characteristics of PCV patients in an AMD referral centre of Malaysia. Many of the quantitative and qualitative OCT parameters showed good association with the visual functions in eyes with PCV.
Subject(s)
Polypoidal Choroidal VasculopathyABSTRACT
Purpose: To evaluate corneal cell morphology in patients with keratoconus using an in vivo slit scanning confocal microscope. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the corneal cell morphology of 47 keratoconus patients and 32 healthy eyes without any ocular disease. New keratoconus patients with different disease severities and without any other ocular co-morbidity were recruited from the ophthalmology department of a public hospital in Malaysia from June 2013 to May 2014. Corneal cell morphology was evaluated using an in vivo slit-scanning confocal microscope. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed using a grading scale and the Nidek Advanced Visual Information System software, respectively. Results: The corneal cell morphology of patients with keratoconus was significantly different from that of healthy eyes except in endothelial cell density (P = 0.072). In the keratoconus group, increased level of stromal haze, alterations such as the elongation of keratocyte nuclei and clustering of cells at the anterior stroma, and dark bands in the posterior stroma were observed with increased severity of the disease. The mean anterior and posterior stromal keratocyte densities and cell areas among the different stages of keratoconus were significantly different (P 0.05) among the three stages of keratoconus. Conclusion: Confocal microscopy observation showed significant changes in corneal cell morphology in keratoconic cornea from normal healthy cornea. Analysis also showed significant changes in different severities of keratoconus. Understanding the corneal cell morphology changes in keratoconus may help in the long-term monitoring and management of keratoconus.